This is the most common reason for joint replacement
surgery. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the
protective cartilage covering the ends of bones wears down over time. This
can lead to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced joint function.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: This autoimmune disease causes inflammation in the
joints, leading to pain, swelling, and eventually joint damage. Joint
replacement surgery may be considered when medications and other
treatments are no longer effective.
Traumatic Injury: Severe joint injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, can
damage the joint surfaces and cause long-term joint problems. Joint
replacement might be necessary if the damage is extensive and affects joint
function.
Other Degenerative Conditions: Conditions like avascular necrosis (loss of
blood supply to the bone), certain types of bone tumors, and certain
congenital conditions can also lead to joint deterioration and the need for
joint replacement.
Chronic Joint Pain: When joint pain is severe and chronic, it can significantly
impact a person’s quality of life. Joint replacement can provide pain relief
and restore mobility.
Failed Previous Treatments: If non-surgical treatments such as medication,
physical therapy, and injections have failed to alleviate pain and improve
joint function, joint replacement surgery might be considered.

The primary joint replacement procedure involves removing the damaged
portions of the joint and replacing them with artificial components made from
materials like metal, plastic, or ceramic. The prosthetic components mimic the
shape and function of a healthy joint, allowing for improved movement and
reduced pain.